25/26 June Anniversary of Emergency, (( A black Day in Indian History...!!))

25/26 June Anniversary of Emergency,
(( A Black Day in Indian History ....!!! )) 
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The Emergency (India)25/26 june 1975,
The 21 month Emergency Declared on June 25,1975 by Smt.Indira Gandhi often Referred to as "Darkest phase of Independent India" was the third time,
First time Emergency Declared during the India/China War in 1962,
Second time Emergency Declared during the Bharat/Pakistan war in 1971,
Two Time Emergency was Devoted for Security of our Nation , But third time in 1975 Emergency was only for the Satta, only for the dictatorship of Government, !!
Many time ( कई बार ) A question disturb me :
"Why did Indira Gandhi Declare Emergency In A Democratic Country ???
My father tell me :
The 1971 War with Pakistan already Caused a Deceleration in GDP Growth Droughts,
Unemployment and Oil Crisis Further Troubled the Indian Economy fueling Massive Labor and student Unrest in the Country.
George Fernandis, then President of the All India Railwaymen's Federation Organized an all India Railway Strike which led to Massive Arrests and Unrest in 1974.
Mass Protests were Being Led By Jaya Prakash Narayan (JP) Against Her Corrupt and Autocratic Government,
The Government was increasingly trying to Control the Judiciary.
On 12 June 1975, Indira Gandhi's Election to Lok Sabha Was Declared Void ( शून्य ) by the Allahabad High Court on grounds of Electoral malpractice.... 
She Rejected Calls for Resignation and Chose to go to the Supreme Court. Indira Gandhi had Her Doubts that all this internal Unrest was the Carefully Planned doing of the American CIA to Unseat Her,
And J.P. Called for A Satyagraha and Rally to Press for Her ( Indira ) Resignation on 25th June 1975.
Indira Gandhi feared that things were getting out of her Control and Declared an Emergency on June 25, 1975 Which Continued for 21 months till March 21,1977.... ,,
The Emergency was Officially issued by the  President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed."........,,!!
but I Archita was not fully satisfy with answer of my Loving father because
Here in my mind, in my my soul Some other Reason Cited (उद्धृत) for declaration of Emergency like Threat to National Security and Bad Economic Conditions....,,
you know Archi Fundamental Rights were Suspended and any Person who Opposed the Government was Either Detained (हिरासत में लिए गए ) or Arrested Without the Right to Appeal to Courts,
Article 352 of the Indian Constitution that gave extraordinary Powers to Indira Gandhi was Misused,
J.P. , George Fernandes, Morarji Desai, Nanaji Deshmukh, Subramanian Swamy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, LK Advani, Ramakrishna Hegde, HD Deve Gowda, M.Karunanidhi, J.B. Patnaik, Jyoti Basu, Madhu Dandavate, Lalu Prasad Yadav, Mulayam Singh Yadav, Sharad Yadav and many others were then Leading A  movement opposing the Emergenc.,,
Attack of Emergency on media was very Cruel ( निर्दयी ), Correspondents of foreign Media were Expelled....." Severe Censorship was imposed on local and National Media; 
Government of India in 1977 to inquire (पूछना) into all the Excesses Committed in the Indian Emergency(1975 to1977) 1,10,806 people were detained and arrested under MISA and Defence of India Rules across the Country,Turkman Gate Demolition ( विध्वंस )and Firing: The Police Shot and killed people protesting against demolitions (विध्वंस) of their Houses Ordered by The Ruling Government in1976,
They Justified this act in the name of Cleansing Delhi Slums ,,,,,,,,
Now you want to know archi What Was Exactly  Side Effect of Emergency & What Exactly did happen during the period of Emergency in india ....
Lets put first things first. So, in this the first thing is what's the Emergency ?
Emergency is a state Where your fundamental Rights Used to be suspended. It means That State Can take Any action and People have no Rights to Oppose the Orders.
: During Emergency Thousands of people Arrested and put Behind the bars Without Trials, 
: The Media has no Rights to Report, 
: Mass Sterilization ( बड़े पैमाने पर नसबंदी ) were Conducted by Sanjay Gandhi son of Smtt. Indira Gandhi,
: And, States policies Completely implemented ( कार्यान्वित ) with the force.....!!
Emergency was declared in India for 21 Months (1975-77) that time Mr: Fakruddin Ali Ahmad was the President of India & Smtt. Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India ..... But in history First time A powerfull  president become puppet in the hands of Prime Minister ...,
From the Starting, there was a Clash Between the Judiciary System and Legislative Assembly of India.
After Independence, Government acquired Lands Under their Socialist Policy,
But, Right to Property was a fundamental Right. So, lot of Amendments made including the Removal of right to Property and IXth Schedule introduced under which one Can't Challenge on the Grounds of Violation of Fundamental Rights, &  due to this Schedule, Union of India Won the Case of Sajjan Singh & Shankari Prasad.
But, After 17 Years, Under Case of I.C. Golaknath State of Punjab, Petitioner won. Under this Case, Schedule IX and Many Amendments Challenged, So Again a Panel of Judges Formed and Amendments made. The effect of changes Was that Legislature became Powerless to amend any Section of the Fundamental Rights, &  this Verdict ( निर्णय )Created a Rift ( दरार ) Between Judicial System & Legislature of India..! its Resulted in a Legal war between the two and many cases became part of this battle........!! Some of the famous cases were:
Privy purses case,
Benett Coleman Case,
Bank Nationalization case,
Minerva Mills case & so on...,,

Mean while The Economic situation of India was Adversely Affecting ( प्रभावित करने वाले )And The Socialist policies of Government not working as Desired.result of it :
Eliminate Poverty started in 1971 by Indira Gandhi.....,
She used a Catchy Slogan "Garibi Hatao" to Win in 1971, 
And the Oriority of Government to Over Rule Some Cases Like Golaknath,
Bank nationalization etc, Result of it again the Constitution Amended with the Necessary Modifications, Mean While 1973-75, huge Unrest took place in the Economy, Strikes & Lockouts were taking place, Government highly Criticized for all this and Assemblies also Influenced by Such Criticisms.......
And A famous Case took Place : Raj Narayan v/s Indira Gandhi, This Case was just like a final nail in the Coffin for Indira Gandhi......, This Case Just increased Her Troubles,
Raj Narayan Who Contested Against Indira Gandhi, filed Cases of Election Malpractices Against Indira Gandhi, 
She found Guilty of the Charges by the Judge of Allahabad Court,
Then She Appealed But again She lost.
During This Period, Jay Prakash Narayan Was Campaigning Against the Government, and Probably by the time Indira Gandhi Thought to Declare Emergency to Seize the Fundamental Rights.
In fact, in her biography, there is a Section Which Clearly Mentions that she found this time as worst phase of her life and felt Extremely Insecure, due to the Adverse Effects, on June 25, 1975, She Declared the state of Emergency Throughout the Nation Citing the Threats of National Security & Bad Economic Conditions.
With Its Effect, Arrests Without Trials etc. took place in The Economy.
After that, on March 23, 1977, state of Emergency Removed, Elections took place and Janta party won...........,,, !!
My Father tell me about Second Reason of Emergency in 1975 :
From the Early 1970 on Wards, Wide-Spread ( बड़े पैमाने पर )Discontent Shook India.
Large Sections of the Population Came Out in Demonstrations against rising Prices, fall in the Supply of Essential Commodities, Unemployment, and More Importantly, Corruption in Government Administration.

These protests Reached a Crescendo in two States – Gujarat & Bihar, in 1974,
With Students Leading the Agitations and giving them an Organized Shape.
The Gujarat State Government Ruled by Indira Gandhi’s Congress Party was forced to resign that year.
In fresh Elections to the Gujarat Legislature in Early June, 1975, The Congress was Trounced and the Opposition Parties formed the new Government in that state.
that time Indira Realized that She was losing her Grip ( पकड़  ) and was threatened by a Political Crisis. The Threat became imminent when on June 12, 1975 the Allahabad high court of the State of Uttar Pradesh (from where Indira Gandhi won in the parliamentary Election in 1971) declared her election invalid on two Corruption Charges in the Conduct of her poll Campaign at that time She was accused of violating the Indian Law by first, using an Officer of her Government to Make Campaign Arrangements, and Secondly by using other state officers to put up speaker’s Stands in her Constituency and Supply Electricity to her Amplifying Equipment.
The high court judgment Debarred Her from holding the office of Prime Minister, But granted a stay of the order for 20 days to allow her party to Choose Another Leader (Since the Congress party Still Enjoyed a Majority in the Indian Parliaments,
Indira  Gandhi's conflict with Judiciary can be considered as an important cause for proclamation of emergency. There were a series of judgments by the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India which did not favour Mrs. Gandhi. E.g.Golaknath case, Kesvananda Bharati v. State of Kerala Case, et al.
The most important judgment of them was that of State of Uttar Pradesh v. Raj Narain. This judgment held Indira Gandhi's liable for indulging in corrupt practises to win her Lok Sabha seat from U.P. Due to these judgments, crumbling economy and the protests led by Loknayak Jayprakash Narayan and other leaders, she was forced to declare emergency in order  to save her reputation from falling in abroad. She was always very particular about her image in western nations,
when January 1974: In L.D.Ering College Ahmadabad, Students Came Out in the Streets to protest against .
Morarji Desai gave leadership to people on moral ground. Indira Gandhi dismissed Gujarat government (C.M. was Chiman Bhai Patel) and ordered for fresh election. But wave of Gujarat affected Bihar in March 1974 & Role of Bihar Episode, March 1974: Student protest against inflation, unemployment , got mass support and leader was Jai Prakash Narayan who gave a call of "Total Revolution".......
after this Role of Judiciary 12 June 1975, Justice Sinha of Allahabad High court while listening to plea of Raj Narayan founded Indira Gandhi Guilty for unfair means in By Elections In his judgement,
He refrained Indira Gandhi from holding any official post for next 6 years......
But, she took a stay order on this judgement from Supreme Court which said she can continue as P.M. but won't have right to vote in Parliament.,
J.P. called it manipulation done by Indira Gandhi and once again stood up with the call of " Total Revolution" but this time he took extreme steps as he declared Civil Disobedience Movement "सिंहासन खाली करो की जनता आती है !!
कलम से :
भारद्वाज अर्चिता
Bhardwaj Archita
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